On March 18–19, 2025, the sixth edition of the international Prague Cyber Security Conference (PCSC) took place in Prague. The event was organized by the National Cyber and Information Security Agency (NÚKIB) in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. The conference bore the subtitle "Invisible Frontlines". Participants, including experts, government officials, and representatives of the private sector, gathered at the Czech National Bank’s Congress Center from 46 countries worldwide.
This year’s subtitle refers to the idea that "cyberspace is not only an environment for everyday life but also the first battleground where conflicts arise between state and non-state actors. Cyber conflicts often begin invisibly, but their impacts become more than real – ranging from disruptions of critical infrastructure to economic coercion by authoritarian states and attempts to destabilize our democratic society," explained NÚKIB Director Lukáš Kintr. The importance of cooperation and resilience in cyberspace was also emphasized by Minister of Foreign Affairs Jan Lipavský in his closing remarks: "Cyberattacks happen long before tanks roll and missiles strike. That’s why improving resilience is crucial. It’s not just a technical issue – it’s a matter of national security, economic stability, and the survival of democracy."
Experts discussed evolving strategies on the invisible frontlines of cybersecurity warfare – through cooperation between governments, law enforcement, and private entities. Discussions also covered responses to cyberattacks from China, Russia, and Iran, as well as hidden cyber tactics and so-called shadow operations carried out by China in Western countries.
During a meeting between representatives of Ukraine and its allies, key cybersecurity lessons learned from the ongoing conflict in Ukraine were shared. Ukraine has strengthened its cyber resilience in response to constant threats, and participants discussed how non-directly involved states, affected by the cyber consequences of the conflict, are adapting their security strategies.
The conference also focused on the energy sector, as energy infrastructure is increasingly targeted by state-sponsored cybercriminal groups. Panel discussions addressed specific policies and regulations related to energy security, including the new EU Network Code for Cybersecurity in the Electricity Sector, the G7 Framework for Cybersecurity of Operational Technologies in Energy Systems, and the U.S. Department of Energy’s supply chain cybersecurity principles. Cyber threats also extend to the telecommunications sector, endangering global communication networks. On these "invisible frontlines", cybersecurity professionals face the challenge of securing complex infrastructure against increasingly sophisticated and persistent attacks. Participants explored strategies for risk identification and mitigation, supply chain security, and strengthening cyber resilience in telecommunications systems. Other topics included the role of artificial intelligence in cybersecurity and defence, satellite systems and the growing reliance on satellite networks for military, financial, and civil operations, and connected vehicles, which significantly impact everyday life.
Parallel to the main conference program, bilateral meetings between NÚKIB representatives and international partners took place. Strengthening international cooperation was one of the key goals of the event. "Cybersecurity is a global challenge that demands global solutions. The active participation of Indo-Pacific partners at the Prague Cyber Security Conference underscores the essential role of regional cooperation in shaping resilient and forward-thinking cybersecurity policies. It was an honour to have Lt. Gen. Michelle McGuinness open the conference. A testament to the strength of our partnership and the mutual commitment to cybersecurity. This collaboration is not one-sided; it was reaffirmed a year and a half ago when we established the position of Cyber Attaché for the region, recognizing the strategic importance of sustained engagement," concluded Veronika Kolek Netolická, the Czech Republic’s Cyber Attaché for the Indo-Pacific.
For the second time in its history, the conference was open to the private sector, recognizing the growing importance of public-private cooperation in cybersecurity. Key partners of this year’s edition included Amazon Web Services (AWS), MSD, APPSEC, CISCO, Mastercard, ICZ, Whalebone, and CETIN. The Prague Cyber Security Conference 2025 once again provided a vital platform for strategic discussions and deepening cooperation between states and the private sector.
The conference was first held under the name Prague 5G Security Conference in 2019.